As he takes over from Queen Elizabeth II, we ask whether King Charles III could be the 'climate king'
By Jack Graham
LONDON, Sept 9 (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - As Britain's King Charles III begins his reign after the death of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II, environmental campaigners will be watching closely to see if he continues to advocate for climate action and is able to help drive change as monarch.
In his first speech to the nation as monarch on Friday evening, Charles warned his new role will now limit his activism.
"It will no longer be possible for me to give so much of my time and energies to the charities and issues for which I care so deeply," he said in a televised address. "But I know this important work will go on in the trusted hands of others.”
Charles has been one of the highest-profile global proponents for protecting the planet in recent decades, from writing books and making speeches about nature to working with business to mobilise private finance to combat global warming.
At the U.N. COP26 climate conference in Glasgow last year, he said the world needed a "war-like footing" to tackle the "existential threat" of climate change and biodiversity loss.
Britain's new figurehead has called for governments to use incentives and regulations to encourage private-sector investment in climate action, and for the value of nature to be recognised on companies' balance sheets.
However, as king under a constitutional monarchy in Britain, Charles is expected to remain politically neutral.
The Thomson Reuters Foundation spoke to several experts about what that might mean for his climate advocacy.
What did Charles do for the environment as Prince of Wales?
While heir to the throne, Charles was an active campaigner for the environment over more than five decades.
In 1970, aged 21, he gave his first major speech on the issue, warning of the dangerous effects of plastic pollution.
"He's been talking about these issues for a long time, way before they became mainstream," said Ed Matthew, campaigns director of think-tank E3G.
In this manner, Charles played a "vital diplomatic role" to raise awareness, Matthew added.
Along with speeches on the global stage, Charles has worked with actors from the public, private and non-profit sectors.
He established the International Sustainability Unit in 2010 to address challenges such as protecting rainforests and marine ecosystems, and last year launched a new charter of sustainable actions for companies to sign called "Terra Carta".
"I have laboured for so many years to bring this issue to the forefront of international consciousness – not just with words, but with practical action," said the then-prince in a speech in May in Yellowknife, Canada.
Back home, Matthew said Charles' influence has been particularly valuable because - while being apolitical - he appeals to conservatives, in a similar vein to environmentalist David Attenborough, on an issue more often highlighted by the left.
"To make sure we go for really ambitious climate action in the UK, we need the conservative case for climate change to be made," Matthew said.
During the race to become Britain's next prime minister - won by Liz Truss - activists criticised the lack of attention paid to climate issues by the ruling Conservatives.
What are King Charles' views on climate change?
Environmental campaigner Tony Juniper first met Charles in the early 1990s, and has worked with him on projects including the 2010 book "Harmony: A New Way of Looking at Our World".
"I think he probably has been about the most effective environmentalist in history," said Juniper, who chairs Natural England, the government's advisory body for the environment.
He explained that a key idea Charles has advanced is the interconnection between humans and nature, expressed in depth in the book "Harmony", which Juniper helped to write.
"One of the most important unique contributions that he's brought is this holistic perspective ... the need to keep all the different pieces of the jigsaw in view," he said.
In an interview in December 2020, Charles said humans are "a microcosm of the macrocosm" when it comes to nature.
"If we go on exploiting the way we are, whatever we do to nature - however much we pollute her - we do to ourselves. It is insanity," he told the BBC.
However, Charles has been accused of hypocrisy due to his use of private jets and helicopters, whose planet-heating emissions are much higher than other forms of transport and significantly more per passenger than commercial flights.
During the 2021-22 financial year as Prince of Wales, he took regular private flights domestically, as shown by royal financial statements.
Will Charles be able to advocate for the climate as monarch?
While Queen Elizabeth II strictly guarded her personal views, Charles has faced criticism for expressing political opinions - and analysts say he will have to be more careful now.
In the view of the media, Elizabeth was "untouchable", and it is "unknown territory" how they will react to King Charles, said Richard Black, a former BBC environment correspondent and founder of the non-profit Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit.
Black said Charles will be restricted by two main things: the pressures on his time due to the ceremonial duties of a king, and the likely scrutiny of his political neutrality.
This will make more hands-on work with businesses and in politics harder, but there are some environmental actions with little potential for controversy, he said.
For example, to mark Elizabeth's 2022 Platinum Jubilee celebrations after 70 years on the throne, the Queen's Green Canopy initiative was launched to encourage people to plant trees.
Black added that, in many ways, Charles has already done his bit in helping to build public awareness around climate and nature issues - which is now well-established.
"One thing you have to praise him for has been his courage and consistency," he said.
"Whatever he does during his time as king, there's no doubt in my view that he's made quite a contribution already."
How could Charles make a difference given the obstacles?
As king, Charles could have an even larger influence - whether through speeches and behind-the-scenes meetings with world leaders, or private audiences with the UK prime minister.
On a personal level, he could lead by example, such as with his efforts to make the royal household greener.
Charles has been tracking and publishing his carbon footprint since 2007, making several changes such as installing biomass boilers and solar panels at his homes and converting his Aston Martin to run on surplus wine and whey from cheese-making.
And to help avoid controversy, King Charles could pass some projects onto family members, with his son Prince William also expressing a keen interest in environmental issues.
How to execute the role of monarch is up to the individual, said Juniper, the environmental campaigner, so Charles might need some time to figure it out.
"As far as I know, there is no job description for king."
This story was updated on Sept. 9 to include King Charles' first address to the nation.
Related stories:
World running out of time to tackle climate change, Prince Charles says
Disappointing U.N. climate talks leave 'huge task' for COP27 Egypt summit
Prince Charles warns human exploitation of nature is 'insanity'
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
